The CKS1B/CDKN2C product consists of a 182kb probe, labelled in red, covering the entire CKS1B gene and flanking regions, including the PYGO2 and ZBTB7B genes, and a green probe covering a 170kb region, including the entire CDKN2C gene, the D1S1661 marker and the centromeric end of the FAF1 gene.
Microscope image
The CKS1B (CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B) gene is located at 1q21 and the CDKN2C (cyclin depended kinase inhibitor 2C) gene is located at 1p32.3.
Gain of the 1q21 region including CKS1B is one of the most frequently-occurring chromosomal aberrations seen in multiple myeloma1. Over-expression of the CKS1B gene up-regulates cell cycle progression, resulting in a more proliferative disease2. This is related to the advanced phenotype of multiple myeloma and may therefore be associated with poor prognosis and disease progression1,2,3. Gain of 1q21 has been linked to inferior survival and further amplification is observed in disease relapse. Complete gains of the long arm of chromosome 1 are also common in multiple myeloma and can occur as isochromosomes, duplications or jumping translocations and are frequently associated with disease progression4.
CDKN2C is a tumour suppressor gene responsible for inducing apoptotic cell death and DNA fragmentation5. It is up-regulated by the expression of the cytokine IL-6 in multiple myeloma and homozygous deletion of the gene is associated with a more proliferative disease5. Although CDKN2C deletions have been reported to be rare in human malignancy, cytogenetic analyses have shown that abnormalities of 1p32-36 occur in around 16% of human multiple myeloma and are associated with worse overall survival2,3,5,6.
Cytogenetic abnormalities are detected by conventional cytogenetics in about one third of cases of multiple myeloma, but FISH increases the proportion of detected chromosomal abnormalities to >90%7.
The CytoCell® CKS1B/CDKN2C (P18) Amplification/Deletion Probe is a qualitative, non-automated, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) test used to detect chromosomal gains and deletions in the 1p32.3 and 1q21 regions on chromosome 1 in Carnoy’s solution (3:1 methanol/acetic acid) fixed haematologically-derived cell suspensions from patients with confirmed or suspected multiple myeloma (MM).
This device is designed as an adjunct to other clinical and histopathological tests in recognised diagnostic and clinical care pathways, where knowledge of CKS1B or CDKN2C (P18) status would be important for clinical management.
This device is designed to detect genomic gains or losses larger than the region covered by the red and green clones in this probe set, which include the CKS1B and CDKN2C (P18) regions. Genomic gains or losses outside these regions or partial gains or losses of this region may not be detected with this device.
This device is not intended for: use as a stand-alone diagnostic, use as a companion diagnostic, prenatal testing, population-based screening, near-patient testing, or self-testing.
This device has not been validated for sample types, disease types, or purposes outside of those stated in the intended purpose.
It is intended as an adjunct to other diagnostic laboratory tests and therapeutic action should not be initiated on the basis of the FISH result alone.
Reporting and interpretation of FISH results should be performed by suitably qualified staff, consistent with professional standards of practice, and should take into consideration other relevant test results, clinical and diagnostic information.
This device is intended for laboratory professional use only.
Failure to adhere to the protocol may affect the performance and lead to false positive/negative results.
Find certificate of analysis documentation for our CytoCell FISH probes
Our lab has been using a wide range of CytoCell FISH probes for a number of years, and have been increasing this range all the time. The probes have clear bright signals and show good reproducibility. CytoCell provides fast delivery of catalogue probes, and are very responsive when we have any queries or problems with their products.
Bridget Manasse
Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hosiptals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
In our hands, CytoCell FISH probes have proven to be of the highest quality with bright, easy to interpret signals, thus providing confidence in our results. OGT's customer support is outstanding, as their staff are extremely knowledgeable and truly care about their customers and their customers’ needs.
Jennie Thurston
Director of Cytogenetics, Carolinas Pathology Group, USA
I first came across CytoCell FISH probes in a previous lab I worked in and I was struck by the quality of the products. Since this time, I have been recommending and introducing CytoCell probes across all application areas — now they are the primary FISH probes used in our lab. They have an excellent range of products and their ready-to-use reagent format saves considerable time.
Elizabeth Benner
Medical Technologist, University of Arizona Health Network, USA
We have been working with CytoCell fish probes for two decades because of their excellent clarity and intensity regardless of the size of the probe. It is so clear and simple to detect.
Dr. Marina Djurisic
Head of Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Cupic”, Serbia
The quality and consistency of CytoCell’s probes means I can trust the results, and my clients get their results in a timely manner.
Dr. Theresa C. Brown
Director, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, USA
It was very important for us to have more consistent results with our probes — easy-to-read bright signals and a range of vial sizes, which is much more cost-effective.
Janet Cowan, PhD
Director of the Cytogenetics Laboratory, Tufts Medical Center, USA
Not only do CytoCell offer an extensive range of high-quality FISH probes, the customer support is also excellent — providing fast access to all the probes I need. The probes are highly consistent with bright signals allowing easy scoring of results.
Dr. Eric Crawford
Senior Director, Genetics Associates Inc., USA
The quality and reproducibility of results using the CytoCell kit has been vital in accurately detecting co-deletions in our glioma investigations. We now have a cost-effective test that we can rely on that is also easy to use and interpret. We've been consistently impressed with this kit - not to mention the support offered by OGT's customer service, and have completely transitioned over to CytoCell probes.
Gavin Cuthbert, FRCPath
Head of Cancer Cytogenetics, Northern Genetics Servce, Newcastle, UK
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